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Paris Agreement on Climate Change

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<p><strong>Background</strong><br>
 
<p><strong>Background</strong><br>
 
   In  1992, countries agreed on the UNFCCC, to decide on the actions that would be  required at a global level to limit average global temperature increases and  the resulting climate change, and to cope with its impacts. In 1997, the [http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/items/2830.php Kyoto Protocol] was adopted which legally binds developed countries to emission reduction  targets. The Protocol’s first commitment period started in 2008 and ended in  2012. The second commitment period began on 1 January 2013 and will end in  2020.</p>
 
   In  1992, countries agreed on the UNFCCC, to decide on the actions that would be  required at a global level to limit average global temperature increases and  the resulting climate change, and to cope with its impacts. In 1997, the [http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/items/2830.php Kyoto Protocol] was adopted which legally binds developed countries to emission reduction  targets. The Protocol’s first commitment period started in 2008 and ended in  2012. The second commitment period began on 1 January 2013 and will end in  2020.</p>
<p>  In 2010, at the  Climate Change Conference in Cancun, governments agreed that emissions need to  be reduced so that global temperature increases are limited to below 2 degrees  Celsius. The [http://unfccc.int/meetings/durban_nov_2011/meeting/6245.php" target="_top UN Climate  Change Conference held in Durban] in the subsequent year, in 2011, was  a decisive moment in the climate change negotiations. In Durban, governments  clearly recognized the need to draw up the blueprint for a fresh universal agreement  to deal with climate change beyond 2020, where all will play their part to the  best of their ability and all will be able to reap the benefits of success  together. In short, all governments committed to a comprehensive plan that  would come closer over time to delivering the ultimate objective of the  Convention - to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a  level that will prevent our dangerous interference with the climate system and  at the same time will preserve the right to sustainable development. Thus, the  origin of the current Paris Agreement goes back to the outcome of Durban  Conference which included a decision by Parties to launch a process to develop  a protocol, another legal instrument or an agreed outcome with legal force  under the Convention applicable to all Parties, through an Ad Hoc Working Group  on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (ADP). It was also decided that the  ADP will start its work from 2012 and will complete its work no later than  2015.ADP continued its work since then and progress towards developing a new  text agreement continued at 18th, 19th and 20th  COP held in Doha, Warsaw and Lima in 2012, 2013 and 2014 respectively.</p>
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<p>  In 2010, at the  Climate Change Conference in Cancun, governments agreed that emissions need to  be reduced so that global temperature increases are limited to below 2 degrees  Celsius. The [http://unfccc.int/meetings/durban_nov_2011/meeting/6245.php UN Climate  Change Conference held in Durban] in the subsequent year, in 2011, was  a decisive moment in the climate change negotiations. In Durban, governments  clearly recognized the need to draw up the blueprint for a fresh universal agreement  to deal with climate change beyond 2020, where all will play their part to the  best of their ability and all will be able to reap the benefits of success  together. In short, all governments committed to a comprehensive plan that  would come closer over time to delivering the ultimate objective of the  Convention - to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a  level that will prevent our dangerous interference with the climate system and  at the same time will preserve the right to sustainable development. Thus, the  origin of the current Paris Agreement goes back to the outcome of Durban  Conference which included a decision by Parties to launch a process to develop  a protocol, another legal instrument or an agreed outcome with legal force  under the Convention applicable to all Parties, through an Ad Hoc Working Group  on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (ADP). It was also decided that the  ADP will start its work from 2012 and will complete its work no later than  2015.ADP continued its work since then and progress towards developing a new  text agreement continued at 18th, 19th and 20th  COP held in Doha, Warsaw and Lima in 2012, 2013 and 2014 respectively.</p>
 
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<p>&nbsp;</p>
 
<p><strong>Salient features of the Paris  Agreement</strong><br>
 
<p><strong>Salient features of the Paris  Agreement</strong><br>
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   <li>The  agreement includes a compliance mechanism, overseen by a committee of experts  that operates in a non-punitive way. </li>
 
   <li>The  agreement includes a compliance mechanism, overseen by a committee of experts  that operates in a non-punitive way. </li>
 
</ul>
 
</ul>
<p>The Paris Agreement acknowledges and recognizes the  development imperatives of developing countries, supports their right to  develop and their efforts to harmonize development with environment. The  important feature is that the Agreement refers to the differentiation between  the actions of developed and developing countries in all its relevant clauses  and the [http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/151320/ principle  of common but differentiated responsibilities] in the light of  different national circumstances has been maintained across all pillars of the  agreement.</p>
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<p><br>The Paris Agreement acknowledges and recognizes the  development imperatives of developing countries, supports their right to  develop and their efforts to harmonize development with environment. The  important feature is that the Agreement refers to the differentiation between  the actions of developed and developing countries in all its relevant clauses  and the [http://www.eoearth.org/view/article/151320/ principle  of common but differentiated responsibilities] in the light of  different national circumstances has been maintained across all pillars of the  agreement.</p>
 
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On 20 April 2016, the Union Cabinet chaired by the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi gave its approval for signing the Paris Agreement. Minister of State (Independent Charge) of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Shri Prakash Javadekar, signed the agreement on behalf of India on 22 April 2016.
  
  
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   <li>[http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2011/cop17/eng/09a01.pdf Report of the  Conference of the Parties on its seventeenth session, held in Durban from 28  November to 11 December 2011].</li>
 
   <li>[http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2011/cop17/eng/09a01.pdf Report of the  Conference of the Parties on its seventeenth session, held in Durban from 28  November to 11 December 2011].</li>
 
</ul>
 
</ul>
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Latest revision as of 18:57, 20 April 2016

The Paris agreement is an Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) which was adopted by 195 nations on 12th December 2015 at the 21st Conference of Parties (COP – the supreme decision making body to the UNFCCC) held in Paris. Giving emphasis to the concepts like climate justice and sustainable lifestyles, the Paris Agreement is a historic agreement to combat climate change and direct actions and promote investments towards a low carbon, climate resilient and sustainable future.

The Paris Agreement brings for the first time all nations into a common cause based on their historic, current and future responsibilities to combat climate change. The Agreement’s main aim is to keep global temperature rise this century well below 2 degrees Celsius and to drive efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.

The Paris Agreement has 29 Articles consisting of 139 paras and covers all the crucial areas identified as essential for a landmark conclusion that includes mitigation- reducing emissions, transparency system and global stock take- accounting for climate action, adaptation- enhancing the capacity of countries to deal with climate impacts, loss and damage - strengthening ability to recover from climate impacts; and support- including finance, for nations to build clean, resilient futures.

The Paris Agreement is different from its predecessor - Kyoto Protocol- in the sense that nations settled on a bottom-up approach in this agreement allowing each nation to submit its own national plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions rather than trying to follow a top down approach.

 

Background
In 1992, countries agreed on the UNFCCC, to decide on the actions that would be required at a global level to limit average global temperature increases and the resulting climate change, and to cope with its impacts. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol was adopted which legally binds developed countries to emission reduction targets. The Protocol’s first commitment period started in 2008 and ended in 2012. The second commitment period began on 1 January 2013 and will end in 2020.

In 2010, at the Climate Change Conference in Cancun, governments agreed that emissions need to be reduced so that global temperature increases are limited to below 2 degrees Celsius. The UN Climate Change Conference held in Durban in the subsequent year, in 2011, was a decisive moment in the climate change negotiations. In Durban, governments clearly recognized the need to draw up the blueprint for a fresh universal agreement to deal with climate change beyond 2020, where all will play their part to the best of their ability and all will be able to reap the benefits of success together. In short, all governments committed to a comprehensive plan that would come closer over time to delivering the ultimate objective of the Convention - to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that will prevent our dangerous interference with the climate system and at the same time will preserve the right to sustainable development. Thus, the origin of the current Paris Agreement goes back to the outcome of Durban Conference which included a decision by Parties to launch a process to develop a protocol, another legal instrument or an agreed outcome with legal force under the Convention applicable to all Parties, through an Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action (ADP). It was also decided that the ADP will start its work from 2012 and will complete its work no later than 2015.ADP continued its work since then and progress towards developing a new text agreement continued at 18th, 19th and 20th COP held in Doha, Warsaw and Lima in 2012, 2013 and 2014 respectively.

 

Salient features of the Paris Agreement
The Paris Agreement states in its decision that the new Agreement is under the UNFCCC and will come into force when at least 55 Parties to the Convention, accounting in total for at least an estimated 55 percent of the total global greenhouse gas emissions, have deposited their instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.The Agreement will be opened for one year for signature on 22 April 2016 - Mother Earth Day.

The important features of the agreement are given below:


The Paris Agreement acknowledges and recognizes the development imperatives of developing countries, supports their right to develop and their efforts to harmonize development with environment. The important feature is that the Agreement refers to the differentiation between the actions of developed and developing countries in all its relevant clauses and the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities in the light of different national circumstances has been maintained across all pillars of the agreement.

On 20 April 2016, the Union Cabinet chaired by the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi gave its approval for signing the Paris Agreement. Minister of State (Independent Charge) of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Shri Prakash Javadekar, signed the agreement on behalf of India on 22 April 2016.


Also See



References:


Contributed by

Ms Rajasree Ray (IES 1995) and Ms Shweta (IES 2008).

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