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Minority Communities

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Minority Community is a community notified so by the Central Government as per clause (c) of Section 2 of the National Commission for Minorities Act, 1992 (19 of 1992).

Accordingly, the following five communities e.g. Muslim, Christian, Sikhs, Buddhists and Zoroastrians (Parsis) have been declared as minority communities, vide Ministry of Welfare Notification dated 23.10.1993.

Population of minority communities can be obtained from Census of India – which provides statistical information on different characteristics of the people of India.

The word minority has been devised to ensure a more focused approach towards issues relating to the minorities and to facilitate the formulation of overall policy and review of the regulatory framework and development programmes also towards the benefit of the minority communities.The Union Ministry of Minority Affairs was created on 29th January, 2006 with these objectives in mind.

The Act also provides for a National Commission for Minorities which was set up on 17th May 1993 to perform the following functions.

  1. evaluate the progress of the development of Minorities under the Union and States.
  2. monitor the working of the safeguards provided in the Constitution and in laws enacted by Parliament and the State Legislatures.
  3. make recommendations for the effective implementation of safeguards for the protection of the interests of Minorities by the Central Government or the State Governments.
  4. look into specific complaints regarding deprivation of rights and safeguards of the Minorities and take up such matters with the appropriate authorities.
  5. cause studies to be undertaken into problems arising out of any discrimination against Minorities and recommend measures for their removal.
  6. conduct studies, research and analysis on the issues relating to socio-economic and educational development of Minorities.
  7. suggest appropriate measures in respect of any Minority to be undertaken by the Central Government or the State Governments.
  8. make periodical or special reports to the Central Government on any matter pertaining to Minorities and in particular the difficulties confronted by them.


The commission often receives complaints related to police atrocities, service matters, minority educational institutions, encroachments to religious properties etc. Reports are called for from the concerned authorities under the Union and State Governments. On receipt of the reports, the Commission makes appropriate recommendations to the respective authorities for redressal of the grievances.


State Governments, if they wish so, can constitute their own minority commissions. The States of Andhra Pradesh, Telengana, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, NCT of Delhi, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttrakhand and West Bengal have set up State Minority Commission as on August 2015.


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